Source hierarchy
- Applicable laws, regulations, official records, datasets, and formal policies.
- Government health and safety guidance, recognized governing-body resources, and consensus standards.
- Peer-reviewed research, systematic reviews, registered studies, and transparent research reports.
- Responsible secondary explanation used for context, not as a substitute for the underlying source.
Five verification questions
For every important claim we ask: Who created the source? What population or authority does it cover? When was it published or reviewed? What does it directly establish? What remains outside its scope?
Research claims
We record the population, comparison, outcome, timeframe, study design, effect size where available, and important uncertainty. Statistical significance is not treated as proof of practical importance. One study does not become a universal instruction.
Organizational claims
Registration and tax records can establish legal identity, address, status codes, and filing history. They do not automatically prove a current mission, program, service, application route, impact, partnership, opening hour, or public contact method. Unknown facts remain unknown.
Links and dates
Each article ends with direct source URLs. External content can change; the article review date indicates when the source trail was assessed. Readers should confirm current rules with the authority responsible for their context.
Conflicting evidence
When credible sources conflict, we preserve the disagreement, examine definitions and dates, and avoid selecting a convenient answer without sufficient support. A correction request may lead to clarification, revision, a documented unresolved status, or no change.